Difference between revisions of "Carbon Dioxide Removal"
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==Roadmap Overview== | ==Roadmap Overview== | ||
*Carbon Dioxide Removal | |||
Direct Air Capture | Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) or carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the name given to the family of carbon removal technologies being developed to limit the negative climatic effects of greenhouse gas emissions. Today, over 35 Gt/year of carbon dioxide (CO2) are emitted from energy generation and industrial processes. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests that between 2 and 20 Gt/year of CO2 must be removed from the atmosphere to minimize climate change. | ||
CCUS consists of three distinct processes: Carbon capture, carbon transport, and carbon storage (or sequestration). Carbon capture is the chemical process of extracting a high purity CO2 stream from a mixed gas stream. Carbon capture techniques span a variety of liquid solvents, solid adsorbent, membranes, solid-looping, and inherent CO2 capture. Carbon capture can be applied to industrial processes such as natural gas processing, flue gas from coal or gas power plants, methane reformers, oxy-fuel, or cement plants to prevent CO2 venting to the atmosphere, as well as negative emission applications such as direct air capture (DAC) and direct ocean capture (DOC). | |||
*Direct Air Capture | |||
Direct air capture (DAC) is a negative emission technology for the direct removal of CO2 already in the Earth’s atmosphere. Figure 1-1 displays sources of carbon dioxide with their associated cost of abatement. It is apparent that certain CO2 sources are difficult to abate with point source capture methods; so an indirect and distributed CO2 capture method like DAC is used to offset the hard-to-abate emissions. | Direct air capture (DAC) is a negative emission technology for the direct removal of CO2 already in the Earth’s atmosphere. Figure 1-1 displays sources of carbon dioxide with their associated cost of abatement. It is apparent that certain CO2 sources are difficult to abate with point source capture methods; so an indirect and distributed CO2 capture method like DAC is used to offset the hard-to-abate emissions. | ||
[[File:Roadmap Overview DAC1]] | [[File:Roadmap Overview DAC1]] | ||
DAC describes an array of chemical reactions or absorption processes that separate CO2 from the air from the atmosphere. The process consists of three steps. First, the air is fan-forced into a sorbent. Then, the CO2 reacts with the sorbent. Lastly, the CO2 is detached from the sorbent by adding thermal or electric energy. | DAC describes an array of chemical reactions or absorption processes that separate CO2 from the air from the atmosphere. The process consists of three steps. First, the air is fan-forced into a sorbent. Then, the CO2 reacts with the sorbent. Lastly, the CO2 is detached from the sorbent by adding thermal or electric energy. | ||
Broadly, there two groups of DAC technology. On the one hand there are high-temperature, liquid sorbent processes, on the other hand, there are low-temperature, solid sorbent processes. Regardless of the technology used, the processes must be measured against the same dimensions. Suggested dimensions are cost, capture efficiency, water demand, energy demand and land demand. | Broadly, there two groups of DAC technology. On the one hand there are high-temperature, liquid sorbent processes, on the other hand, there are low-temperature, solid sorbent processes. Regardless of the technology used, the processes must be measured against the same dimensions. Suggested dimensions are cost, capture efficiency, water demand, energy demand and land demand. | ||
[[File:Roadmap Overview DAC2]] | [[File:Roadmap Overview DAC2]] | ||
Revision as of 22:21, 16 October 2023
Roadmap Overview
- Carbon Dioxide Removal
Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) or carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the name given to the family of carbon removal technologies being developed to limit the negative climatic effects of greenhouse gas emissions. Today, over 35 Gt/year of carbon dioxide (CO2) are emitted from energy generation and industrial processes. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests that between 2 and 20 Gt/year of CO2 must be removed from the atmosphere to minimize climate change.
CCUS consists of three distinct processes: Carbon capture, carbon transport, and carbon storage (or sequestration). Carbon capture is the chemical process of extracting a high purity CO2 stream from a mixed gas stream. Carbon capture techniques span a variety of liquid solvents, solid adsorbent, membranes, solid-looping, and inherent CO2 capture. Carbon capture can be applied to industrial processes such as natural gas processing, flue gas from coal or gas power plants, methane reformers, oxy-fuel, or cement plants to prevent CO2 venting to the atmosphere, as well as negative emission applications such as direct air capture (DAC) and direct ocean capture (DOC).
- Direct Air Capture
Direct air capture (DAC) is a negative emission technology for the direct removal of CO2 already in the Earth’s atmosphere. Figure 1-1 displays sources of carbon dioxide with their associated cost of abatement. It is apparent that certain CO2 sources are difficult to abate with point source capture methods; so an indirect and distributed CO2 capture method like DAC is used to offset the hard-to-abate emissions.
DAC describes an array of chemical reactions or absorption processes that separate CO2 from the air from the atmosphere. The process consists of three steps. First, the air is fan-forced into a sorbent. Then, the CO2 reacts with the sorbent. Lastly, the CO2 is detached from the sorbent by adding thermal or electric energy.
Broadly, there two groups of DAC technology. On the one hand there are high-temperature, liquid sorbent processes, on the other hand, there are low-temperature, solid sorbent processes. Regardless of the technology used, the processes must be measured against the same dimensions. Suggested dimensions are cost, capture efficiency, water demand, energy demand and land demand.