Sustainable Aviation Fuel

Technology Roadmap Sections and Deliverables

Our technology roadmap identifier is shown as:

• 2SAF - Sustainable Aviation Fuel

This indicates that we are dealing with a “level 2” roadmap at the product level, where “level 1” would indicate a market level roadmap and “level 3” or “level 4” would indicate an individual technology roadmap.

Roadmap Overview

Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is a strong candidate to deal with global warming in the context of aviation, using low carbon footprint resources such as biomass and waste oil. SAF has a good compatibility with the present aircraft. SAF has similar characteristics to the current jet fuel and can be mixed with it, so the architecture of aircraft does not need to change. On the other hand, another strong alternative for low carbon footprint fuel is hydrogen, which needs the rearchitecting of the aircraft because of its small density and temperature, affecting the vehicle size. The following figure coming from FAA shows SAF is the key toward the ambitious goal of "net zero CO2 emissions" in aviation.

File:Netzero aviation.jpeg Source: netzero

For producing SAF, there are several pathways depending on feedstock and the way of conversion from feedstock to SAF. However, each pathway has advantages and disadvantages such as cost, scalability, and technological readiness. This roadmap tries to identify the impactful technologies on the feasibility of SAF, and show their development plan.

Design Structure Matrix (DSM) Allocation

The above 1SAF tree shows the relationship between other technologies related to the SAF. Specifically, the enabling technologies to SAF, by either the introduction of new materials or a new process are considered. The enabling of SAF with the novel use of existing materials are shown with the connection of SAF to 2HEF, 2ATJ, 2FTC, 2PTF, 3BAF, 3CLS, 3CNB, and 3WCO. The enabling of SAF through the introduction of new processes are shown through SAF connections to 3ROI, 3NTF, 3HPS, 3SEX, 3FNT, 3GAS, 3FTS, 3ELS, 3ICS, and 3MES. In the DSM, the connections between the Level 3 technologies are beyond the scope of considerations for the current investigations for SAF and therefore not populated.

Roadmap Model using OPM

The Object-Process-Diagram (OPD) of the 2SAF - Sustainable Aviation Fuel roadmap in the figure below. This diagram shows the processes (Pretreating, and SAF Converting) for producing SAF with the representative pathways with different feedstocks. We include four different SAF producing categories: 1) Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids(HEFA) with recycled oils, bio-oils, and animal fat, 2) Alcohol-to-Jet(AtJ) with cellulose, 3) Fischer-Tropsch(FT) with coal, natural gas, and biomass, and 4) Power-to-Liquid(PtL) with water and CO2.

The object-process language (OPL) is also shown as follows.