《XLP 操作手册》 第九章 Glossary
Glossary
• Blockchain: Digital ledger in which transactions made in bitcoin or another cryptocurrency are recorded chronologically and publicly
• Campus, Physical: The physical elements of a campus, e.g. people, buildings, land, equipment
• Campus, Virtual: Non-tangible aspects of a campus, e.g. distributed learning workflow design team, cloud services and intellectual property, etc
• CCC: See Cognitive Construction Chart
• Cognitive Construction Chart: Improved, interactive version of logic model
• Container: Operating-system-level virtualization, also known as containerization, refers to an operating system feature in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user-space instances
• Containerized Digital Asset: Content data, software data, or configuration data stored in a Docker (or other) container
• DC/OS: Open-source operating system and distributed system
• Design Contract: One page document to ensure participants are cognizant of their own actions. Covers context, inputs, activities, and outcomes.
• Digital Publishing Workflow: Cycle going from Data Input to Data Management to Data Publishing
• Distributed Autonomous Organization: Organization that is run through rules encoded as computer programs called smart contracts
• Docker: Computer program that performs operating-system-level virtualization also known as containerization
• Elasticsearch: search engine that provides a distributed, multitenant-capable full-text search engine with a web interface
• Fab Lab: small-scale workshop offering (personal) digital fabrication, typically equipped with an array of flexible computer-controlled tools that cover several different length scales and various materials, with the aim to make "almost anything". Similar to hackerspace
• Four Forces: Lawrence Lessig's four forces that constrain our actions: the law, social norms, the market, and architecture.
• Free Software: See open source
• Git: Version control system for tracking changes in computer files and coordinating work on those files among multiple people
• Github: The most popular web-based Git repository manager.
• GitLab: Open-source, user-hostable web-based Git repository manager
• GNU/Linux: Family of free and open-source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel. Typically packaged in a form known as a Linux distribution for both desktop and server use.
• Hackerspace: A place in which people with an interest in computing or technology can gather to work on projects while sharing ideas, equipment, and knowledge. Similar to Fab Lab
• Hyperledger: Umbrella project of open source blockchains and related tools to support the collaborative development of blockchain-based distributed ledgers.
• Jenkins: Automation server that helps to automate the non-human part of the software development process, with continuous integration and facilitating technical aspects of continuous delivery.
• Jupyter Notebook: open-source web application that allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations and narrative text. Uses include: data cleaning and transformation, numerical simulation, statistical modeling, data visualization, machine learning, and much more.
• Kiwix: Open-source offline wiki browser
• Kubernetes: Open-source container-orchestration system for automating deployment, scaling and management of containerized applications
• Ledger: Used in blockchain. A database held and updated independently by each participant (or node) in a large network
• Linux: See GNU/Linux
• Logic Model: One-page, seven item summary of project's context, goals, effects, outputs, processes
• Macroscopic: Category of XLP courses that lead participants to investigate contextual information of a system. Namely historical development trajectory of technologies, people and relevant institutions
• Makerspace: A place in which people with shared interests, especially in computing or technology, can gather to work on projects while sharing ideas, equipment, and knowledge. Similar to hackerspace or Fab Lab, but often more focus on education
• Matomo: A web analytics application
• Mediawiki: Open-source wiki software used by Wikipedia
• Mesoscopic: Category of XLP courses that focuses on combinatorial nature macroscopic opportunities and microscopic technical resources. Otherwise known as System Design in Computational Thinking
• Mesosphere: Mesosphere DC/OS is an enterprise grade datacenter-scale operating system, providing a single platform for running containers
• Microscopic: Category of XLP courses that focuses on technical details of particular domain (e.g. quantum physics, biology, civil construction). Some subject content that relates to highly-specialized fields
• Microservice: Software development technique that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services. In a microservices architecture, services are fine-grained and the protocols are lightweight
• Open Source: Software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified.
• Phabricator: Suite of web-based software development collaboration tools, including the Differential code review tool, the Diffusion repository browser, the Herald change monitoring tool, the Maniphest bug tracker and the Phriction wiki.
• Piwik: A web analytics application (now renamed Matomo)
• Remix: XLP's online platform of tools for participants
• Smart Contract: A computer protocol intended to digitally facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or performance of a contract. Smart contracts allow the performance of credible transactions without third parties.
• Test Driven Design/Development: Software development process that relies on the repetition of a very short development cycle
• Trustworthy Computing: Broad term that refers to technologies and proposals for resolving computer security problems through hardware enhancements and associated software modifications.
• U Theory: Change management method targeting leadership as process of inner knowing and social innovation developed by Otto Scharmer
• WordPress: World's most popular open-source content management system based on PHP and MySQL
• XLP: Extreme Learning Process, a methodology that enables communities of learners to design and conduct collaborative learning activities