Difference between revisions of "Variable Emissivity Materials For Spacecraft"

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(Created page with "==Roadmap Overview== * '''1ICPHROS''' - Integrated and Co-located Pumped Hydro Reverse Osmosis System 550px|left|Integrated Pumped Hydropower and Desalination System Overview 525px|Overview<ref>Oceanus Power & Water. https://www.oceanus.pw/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2020.</ref><br> The United Nations identified safe drinking water and affordable, sustainable energy as two of its seventeen Sustainab...")
 
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==[[Roadmap Overview]]==
=Technology Roadmap Sections and Deliverables=
* '''1ICPHROS''' - Integrated and Co-located Pumped Hydro Reverse Osmosis System
[[File:IPHROS Schematic-v3 pumpchange.png|550px|left|Integrated Pumped Hydropower and Desalination System Overview]]
[[File:Oceanus P&W figure.png|525px|Overview]]<ref>Oceanus Power & Water. https://www.oceanus.pw/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2020.</ref><br>


* '''2SDC - Satellite Data Communication'''
This technology is described a the level 2 level as it is a delivered service. While the service could be split across many markets (e.g. selling bandwidth and owning satellite only), for the purposes of this roadmap, 2SDC includes the ground segment, space segment, and user equipment to enable Satellite Data Communications.


The United Nations identified safe drinking water and affordable, sustainable energy as two of its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals demonstrating the world-wide need for these commodities. Of note, 1 in 3 people in the world do not have access to safe drinking water and 13% of the world does not have access to modern electricity.<ref>United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/; Accessed Nov 2020.</ref> The integration and co-location of pumped hydro storage, hydropower and reverse osmosis desalinization plants provide both an affordable energy and freshwater source by optimizing efficiency and offsetting capital investments, reoccurring operations and maintenance costs and reducing risk to investors. Pumped hydro energy storage utilizes low cost, excess renewable energy (typically solar or wind) to pump seawater up to an elevated reservoir. When demand exceeds renewable power generation capacity, the elevated seawater is fed to hydro turbines at a lower elevation, at pressure, to generate electrical power for the grid. A small portion of the pressurized water is concurrently routed to the reverse osmosis desalinization plant under pressure, again at a lower elevation, negating the need for duplicative generators to produce freshwater. Shared infrastructure between the two systems, including the pumps, turbines, penstocks, piping and storage tanks, reduces not only capital expenditures but also operations and maintenance costs. In addition to affordable power and water, this integrated solution is environmentally friendly and neutralizes a negative by-product of the desalination process. The brine residual produced during the desalinization process is mixed with the outflow of the hydro turbines, effectively diluting the environmentally harmful solution before its return to the ocean.
==Roadmap Overview==


==[[Design Structure Matrix (DSM) Allocation]]==
The working principle and architecture of satellite data communication is depicted in the below.  
[[File:1ICPHROS structure.png|400px|DSM structure]]
[[File:DSM for 1ICPHROS.png|400px|DSM]]


This technology integrates two existing technologies in pumped hydro energy storage and reverse osmosis desalination into a co-located, symbiotic system. The DSM and formal breakdown illustrate this relationship where both systems share common components and sub-systems in order to deliver the emergent value. The "X" marks indicate physical interactions within the DSM. The Integrated Hydrogen Production system is a futuristic goal that takes advantage of both energy and freshwater being co-located to efficiently generate a third revenue stream. However, this portion of the system is not mature.
[[File:SatelliteDataCommunications.png]]
 
Satellite-based internet/voice access is enabled by satellites, which provide relay to extend communication beyond traditional (terrestrial) line of site of the network and users. Data encoded in radio waves is sent from the ground station, relayed via the satellite, to the user’s location. Advances in technology include High Throughput Satellites (HTS) and some next-generation satellite systems may follow low-earth orbit rather than geosynchronous orbits, which would reduce latency dramatically.
 
==Design Structure Matrix (DSM) Allocation==
 
[[File:DSM.png|center]]
 
The 2-SDC tree that we can extract from the DSM above shows us that Satellite Data Communication (2SDC) is part of a larger abstraction of wireless duplex communication (1WDC), and that it requires the following key enabling technologies at the system level:
* 3SCP Satellite Communication Payload
* 3SGT Satellite Gateway Terminal
* 3USM User Satellite Modem
* 3UST User Satellite Terminal
 
In turn these require enabling technologies at level 4, the technology subsystem level:
* 4SRA Satellite Receive Antenna
* 4STA Satellite Transmit Antenna
* 4SCE Satellite Communication Electronics
* 4SGA Satellite Gateway Aperture
* 4GTE Gateway Transmit Electronics
* 4GRE Gateway Receive Electronics
* 4UMM User Modem Modulator
* 4UMD User Modem Demodulator
* 4USA User Satellite Aperture
* 4TSC Transmit Signal Conditioners
* 4RSC Receive Signal Conditioners
 
Note the DSM identifies the launch vehicle interface as a critical external dependency. While this is not in the scope of this roadmap, the availability and ultimately cost ($/kg) to launch the satellite to orbit is critical to the 2SDC roadmap and its profitability. Please reference [[Orbital_Launch_Vehicles_Roadmap|Orbital Launch Vehicle Roadmap]] for more on that roadmap.

Revision as of 00:35, 10 October 2024

Technology Roadmap Sections and Deliverables

  • 2SDC - Satellite Data Communication

This technology is described a the level 2 level as it is a delivered service. While the service could be split across many markets (e.g. selling bandwidth and owning satellite only), for the purposes of this roadmap, 2SDC includes the ground segment, space segment, and user equipment to enable Satellite Data Communications.

Roadmap Overview

The working principle and architecture of satellite data communication is depicted in the below.

SatelliteDataCommunications.png

Satellite-based internet/voice access is enabled by satellites, which provide relay to extend communication beyond traditional (terrestrial) line of site of the network and users. Data encoded in radio waves is sent from the ground station, relayed via the satellite, to the user’s location. Advances in technology include High Throughput Satellites (HTS) and some next-generation satellite systems may follow low-earth orbit rather than geosynchronous orbits, which would reduce latency dramatically.

Design Structure Matrix (DSM) Allocation

DSM.png

The 2-SDC tree that we can extract from the DSM above shows us that Satellite Data Communication (2SDC) is part of a larger abstraction of wireless duplex communication (1WDC), and that it requires the following key enabling technologies at the system level:

  • 3SCP Satellite Communication Payload
  • 3SGT Satellite Gateway Terminal
  • 3USM User Satellite Modem
  • 3UST User Satellite Terminal

In turn these require enabling technologies at level 4, the technology subsystem level:

  • 4SRA Satellite Receive Antenna
  • 4STA Satellite Transmit Antenna
  • 4SCE Satellite Communication Electronics
  • 4SGA Satellite Gateway Aperture
  • 4GTE Gateway Transmit Electronics
  • 4GRE Gateway Receive Electronics
  • 4UMM User Modem Modulator
  • 4UMD User Modem Demodulator
  • 4USA User Satellite Aperture
  • 4TSC Transmit Signal Conditioners
  • 4RSC Receive Signal Conditioners

Note the DSM identifies the launch vehicle interface as a critical external dependency. While this is not in the scope of this roadmap, the availability and ultimately cost ($/kg) to launch the satellite to orbit is critical to the 2SDC roadmap and its profitability. Please reference Orbital Launch Vehicle Roadmap for more on that roadmap.

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